Because COVID-19 vaccines clinical trials only started in the summer of 2020, it's not yet clear if these vaccines will have long-term side effects. The follow up was as thorough as it is for any vaccine, and we now have months of data on patients who received the vaccine or placebo, and we've compared the incidence of side effects between patients who received the vaccine and placebo, and that incidence of side effects, other than injection site reaction, is no different. COVID data tracker: Variant proportions. Accessed Dec. 3, 2021. Rates of flu-like infection in patients with affective illness. People 18 and older may also get a Novavax booster based on the original virus strain as a first booster at least six months after their last shot. - Related information. J Affect Disord. Kids age 5 who got the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine can only get the updated Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 bivalent vaccine booster. Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome? Espaol. attempts to get into the Guinness Book of World Records for sticking a record number of metal spoons to his body. The overall responsiveness of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) to COVID-19 vaccines has been shown to be decreased in patients with cirrhosis. The vaccine is available under an emergency use authorization for children ages 5 through 11. Accessed Feb 16, 2022. Puertas MC, Salgado M, Morn-Lpez S, et al. Overall, according to data compiled by the military as of late last year, the Marine Corps leads the services with 3,717 Marines discharged for refusing to follow the vaccine order. claiming that it's the coronavirus vaccine, the late skeptic and magician James Randi, bringing a permanent magnet close to a refrigerator, upon which it sticks,. Rybakowski JK. When you bring a permanent magnet close to certain materials, the magnet induces a magnetic field inside of those materials, leading to an attractive force. Wang Z, et al. Yes. 2023;31(3):870-885. doi: 10.1007/s10924-022-02615-x. Farmani AR, Salmeh MA, Golkar Z, Moeinzadeh A, Ghiasi FF, Amirabad SZ, Shoormeij MH, Mahdavinezhad F, Momeni S, Moradbeygi F, Ai J, Hardy JG, Mostafaei A. J Funct Biomater. These vaccines were fast-tracked, but the parts that were fast-tracked were the paperwork; so the administrative approvals, the time to get the funding those were all fast-tracked. An eight-week interval between the first and second doses might be best for some people, especially males ages 12 to 39. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FOIA https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Variants and genomic surveillance. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine can also help keep your child in school and more safely have play dates and participate in sports and other group activities. A permanent magnet induces a parallel magnetic field inside certain metals and alloys. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine, on the other hand, contains a modified version of the common cold virus, as well as acids, salts, sugars, and ethanol. 'stone') is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. Find out about the different types of COVID-19 vaccines, how they work, the possible side effects, and the benefits for you and your family. If you or your child has any of these symptoms within a week of getting a COVID-19 vaccine, seek medical care. There is no evidence to indicate that the spike proteins . If you become infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, the antibodies will fight the virus. Accessed Jan. 21, 2022. Even when vaccinated people develop symptoms, they tend to be less severe than those experienced by unvaccinated people. The crux of these claims that the coronavirus vaccines can transform human bodies into magnets is demonstrably false. A week after the second dose was given, there were no cases of COVID-19 in the 1,005 children given the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The first two shots are given three to eight weeks apart. The FDA compared those responses to the immune responses of young adults whod been given higher doses of the same mRNA vaccine. COVID vaccines work to generate a robust immune response upon injection. Accessed Jan. 19, 2022. Side effects were generally mild to moderate. eCollection 2022. Looking to get the facts about COVID-19 vaccines? The site is secure. Many people are curious to know what the ingredients are for the three currently available COVID-19 vaccines in the US. Bookshelf Lithium shares a common mechanism with chloroquine, the antimalarial drug that is being explored as a treatment for COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The chances of this happening are very low. [+] Although there are many different 'flavors' of COVID-19 vaccines that one can receive, none of them contain magnetizable materials or the metals/alloys that can serve as permanent magnets in any way. Lipkind HS, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 Jan-Dec;31:9636897221090259. doi: 10.1177/09636897221090259. The MAOIs were originally used to treat tuberculosis. The Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is a vector vaccine. In addition, 71% of people using long-acting reversible contraceptives, 39% of people using gender-affirming hormones and 66% of post-menopausal people reported breakthrough bleeding. However, it's OK to take this kind of medication after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, as long as you have no other medical reason that would prevent you from taking it. Heres a look at the science behind this claim. These three components water, lipids, and proteins compose approximately 95% of the human body, typical for many animals. Getting COVID-19 offers some natural protection or immunity from reinfection with the virus that causes COVID-19. Lithium may have antiviral properties, but it also carries unique risks during a viral infection. However, studies show that this vaccine helps protect most people who receive it against COVID-19. NIOSH/OSHA. Myths and facts about COVID-19 vaccines. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Fever treatment: Quick guide to treating a fever, Fight coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission at home. Accessed July 7, 2022. None of the children in this analysis had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. If you have additional questions or concerns about your symptoms, talk to your doctor. The CDC recommends that you wear a mask on planes, buses, trains and other public transportation traveling to, within or out of the U.S., as well as in places such as airports and train stations. Accessed June 20, 2022. International travel. Accessed Feb. 28, 2022. 2. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.html. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. that the sticking only occurs where the skin is smooth and hairless. 2020;9(3):E107. Research shows that this vaccine is about 91% effective in preventing COVID-19 in this age group. 2021 Jan-Feb;35(1):1-4. doi: 10.23812/21-3-E. Byrnes JR, Zhou XX, Lui I, Elledge SK, Glasgow JE, Lim SA, Loudermilk RP, Chiu CY, Wang TT, Wilson MR, Leung KK, Wells JA. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who have already had COVID-19 get a COVID-19 vaccine. Executives at Maryland-based Novavax told investors yesterday on a conference call that there is significant . Learn more about myocarditis and pericarditis, including clinical considerations, after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. You might not be able to get a second dose of the same vaccine. A longer interval might increase protection against COVID-19 and reduce the risk of rare heart problems, such as myocarditis and pericarditis. It also contains a lower amount of mRNA than the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine used for people age 12 and older. Research suggests there isn't an increased risk of this blood-clotting problem after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Those [+] newly-magnetized materials will then attract to the original magnet, as magnetic "north" and "south" poles attract one another just like opposite electric charges do. This content does not have an Arabic version. feeling dizzy or faint. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It's estimated that getting COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination both result in a low risk of another infection with a similar variant for at least six months. An additional primary shot of a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for people who are vaccinated and might not have had a strong enough immune response. He can be heard in the weekly Carlat Psychiatry Podcast with his co-host Kellie Newsome, PMH-NP. A COVID-19 vaccine can prevent your child from getting COVID-19 and spreading it at home and in school. The FDA approved Comirnaty after data found the vaccine is safe and effective. VAERS accepts reports of any adverse event following vaccination. Selected adverse events reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Both inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a mechanism that is implicated in other antiviral therapies. All authors are members of IGSLi (International Group for the Study of Lithium Treated Patients; http://www.Igsli.org). Most of the women in the study received an mRNA vaccine. Accessed Jan. 20, 2022. None of the children had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19. More information is available, Travel requirements to enter the United States are changing, starting November 8, 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid production of vaccines aimed at the production of neutralizing antibodies against the COVID-19 spike protein required for the corona virus binding to target cells. 2018;43(5):11741179. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Many people have reported side effects, such as headache, fatigue, and soreness at the injection site, that are generally mild to moderate and go away within a few days. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. As with the other vaccines, side effects were recorded and a portion of the children were monitored for safety for at least two months after being fully vaccinated. In Sy's underlying paper he uses the Bradford Hill criteria to explain how the COVID vaccine is causing this effect.. However, you might be able to get a different vaccine for your second dose. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This is the next big question: if human beings, themselves, arent permanently magnetizable, could some sort of agent introduced into our bodies suddenly render us capable of being magnetized? To determine the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for kids ages 6 months through 4 and the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for kids ages 6 months through 17 years old, the FDA looked at the immune responses of children in these age groups after they were fully vaccinated. Lithium has shown the capacity to: a) inhibit the replication of several types of viruses, some of which are similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, b) increase the immune response by reducing lymphopenia, and c) reduce inflammation by preventing or reducing the cytokine storm. While, by mass, we are mostly [+] Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen, these atoms are further bound together into molecules like water, lipids, and proteins. Its estimated that this vaccine is about 51% effective in preventing COVID-19 in babies ages 6 months through 23 months. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/moderna-covid-19-vaccine#additional. The booster is based on the original virus strain and two omicron strains. And yet, there are copious examples, including a significant number of recent viral videos, where people are sticking metallic, magnetic, or other objects to their skin, directly, while simultaneously claiming that it's the coronavirus vaccine that made this "magnetism" possible. 1 min read. FDA authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use in children 5 through 11 years of age. Accessed Aug. 23, 2022. The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is 94% effective in preventing COVID-19 with symptoms. Based on research submitted to the FDA, in children age 12 through 17, this vaccine is about 78% effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 illness. Fortunately, the science of magnetism has been extraordinarily well-understood for over 150 years. In contrast, 44% reported no change and 14% had lighter periods than usual. The potential effectiveness of the vaccines may come down to how well your body responds to it. For the accompanying podcast to this piece, see The Antiviral Side of Lithium. diarrhea. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. COVID-19 bivalent vaccine boosters. Frequently asked questions about COVID-19 vaccination. Accessed July 20, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-during-covid19.html. Magnetism. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Seek immediate medical care after getting the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine if you have: The Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine can cause thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome. It works somewhat differently from the current crop of vaccines. average, while ferromagnets will have a net magnetization. You'll be monitored for 15 minutes after getting a COVID-19 vaccine to see if you have an allergic reaction. CDC, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other federal agencies continue to monitor the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. These permanent magnets remain magnetized even after any external magnetic fields are taken away. a rapid heartbeat. Meanwhile, just 69% of the population has completed a primary series of vaccines. While each of the available vaccines are different from one another, they all have commonalities, too. Accessed Sept. 9, 2022. A hammer appears to stick to a man's skin with no adhesives or other interventions. 1998;105(1):31-8. doi: 10.1007/s007020050035. Serious side effects of the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine typically happen within two weeks of vaccination and require emergency care. Li-Doped Bioactive Ceramics: Promising Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Elife. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. The Novavax COVID-19, adjuvanted vaccine is a protein subunit vaccine. COVID-19 is characterized by very strong lymphopenia, and lithium is a modulator of the immune system. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Before "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Possible side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. Which effect, overall, dominates? These include HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, pseudorabies virus, vaccinia, adenovirus, gastroenteritis virus, measles, coxsackievirus, multiple herpetic viruses, and four strands in the coronavirus family.2-4. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 2022 Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Stay up to date with your vaccines. Because there is an urgent need for COVID-19 vaccines and the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) vaccine approval process can take years, the FDA first gave emergency use authorization to COVID-19 vaccines based on less data than is typically required. 2022 Sep-Oct 01;42(5):461-463. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001586. For kids ages 12 through 15, the FDA reviewed a vaccine study of more than 2,200 U.S. children in this age range. Effectiveness of maternal vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy against COVID-19-associated hospitalization in infants aged < 6 months 17 states, July 2021-January 2022. The third shot is given at least eight weeks after the second shot. Einat H, Kofman O, Itkin O, Lewitan RJ, Belmaker RH. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies How well do face masks protect against COVID-19? It seems that JavaScript is not working in your browser. These help the RNA get through the oily membrane on the outside of all our cells. The co-prescription of psychotropics with COVID-19 medication is not uncommon. Of this group, about 3,100 were given the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. despite the alleged claims of magnetism, a series of tests can easily show that no magnetism is involved, that non-metallic and non-magnetic objects stick just as well as magnetic ones, and that talc will cause these objects to slide right off. Accessed May 9, 2022. Accessed Jan. 20, 2022. Fact sheet for healthcare providers administering vaccine. This is a rare disorder in which your body's immune system attacks your nerves. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/keythingstoknow.html. While this may [+] appear to be an example of human magnetism, no external magnetic field can be detected, and non-magnetic objects "stick" just as well. www.biolifesas.org. Understanding mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization#vaccines. His sticky, smooth, hairless skin uses friction, not magnetism, as the mechanism by which this phenomenon can occur. Many people have no side effects. In addition, the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of lithium may provide an insight for its possible use as antiviral agent targeting specific pathways. Kids age 6 and older can choose between the Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna COVID-19 bivalent vaccine boosters. 2022; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7101e1. The FDA has approved the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, now called Spikevax, to prevent COVID-19 in people age 18 and older. Food and Drug Administration. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abm720. This is a blood-clotting problem that can be life-threatening. Research also shows that theres an increased risk for these conditions after the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine is given. 2022 Oct 21;13:475. doi: 10.25259/SNI_377_2022. For purposes of entry into the United States, vaccines accepted will include FDA approved or authorized and WHO Emergency Use Listing vaccines. The phenomenon of variable skin stickiness is likely the culprit, not magnetism of any type. . Some of them are quite common. Heres What We Can All Learn, A Psychologist Reveals 4 Ways To Heal And Move On After A Breakup, Revolutionary New Radio Array Will Capture Unprecedented Images, Full Worm Moon 2023: Exactly When To See This Weeks Perfect Alignment Of The Sun And Moon, A Psychologist Offers Three Tips For Dealing With Extreme PMS. Mayo Clinic Minute: You're washing your hands all wrong. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS): What Reports Mean and How VAERS Works, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Possibility of COVID-19 Illness after Vaccination, Investigating Long-Term Effects of Myocarditis, How and Why CDC Measures Vaccine Effectiveness, Monitoring COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths by Vaccination Status, Monitoring COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. In fact, treatment with lithium requires continuous monitoring of its serum levels in order to prevent acute toxicity and long-term side effects, most notably affecting the kidney and thyroid. If you're concerned, in the U.S., safety data on COVID-19 vaccines will be reported to a national program called the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. 2019;88:208214. If you are traveling in the U.S., you don't need to get tested before or after your trip or quarantine after you return. All COVID-19 vaccines contain no magnetic or magnetizable ingredients, they dont cause magnetism in humans, and moreover, magnetism in humans isnt even a real, measurable phenomenon. Accessed Dec. 12, 2022. -, Amsterdam JD, Maislin G, Rybakowski J. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. FOIA Mar 02, 2023 (The Expresswire) -- Pre-Post COVID-19 Report is Covered - Final Report Will Add the Analysis of the Impact of Russia-Ukraine War and COVID-19 on This Lithium Metal Market/Industry. 2023 Jan;66:30-44. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.10.004. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Front Mol Neurosci. Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen, these atoms are further bound together into molecules like water, lipids, and proteins. The COVID-19 vaccines currently being developed in the U.S. don't use the live virus that causes COVID-19. CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. No change is recommended in COVID-19 vaccination practice. Serum levels of lithium above 2.0 mEq/L can cause severe toxicity and additional symptoms, including: heightened reflexes. If we combine this information with your protected https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/pregnant-people.html. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/comirnaty-and-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine. There is no evidence that any vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, cause fertility problems in men or women. Wei S, Duan S, Liu X, Wang H, Ding S, Chen Y, Xie J, Tian J, Yu N, Ge P, Zhang X, Chen X, Li Y, Meng Q. Int Immunopharmacol. Accessed Jan. 19, 2022. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html. Background: Review/update the In fact, since people who are immunocompromised face an increased risk of severe disease if they get sick with COVID-19, they should do everything they can to protect themselves against the virus. COVID-19 vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. Disclaimer. Every once in a while, a claim comes along that wildly challenges the mainstream scientific narrative. COVID-19 vaccines might affect menstrual cycles. If you were to break down a human being into the molecules that compose us, youd find that the overwhelming majority of the body about 60-65%, according to most estimates is made of water. Examples include people who had a severe allergic reaction after getting an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and people who can't get an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine due to limited access or personal or religious concerns. 2022; doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2201849. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If severe vomiting or diarrhea ensues, physicians should hold lithium until the problem resolves. Lithium shares a common mechanism with chloroquine, the antimalarial drug that is being explored as a treatment for COVID-19. A scoping review. low blood pressure ( hypotension) a feeling of doom. A Philippines court has issued an international arrest warrant for Bill Gates, as part of an investigation into the Covid-19 vaccination roll-out in the territory. According to a fact check by Reuters, thimerosal is not an ingredient in COVID-19 vaccines. Ringo . Whats in the vaccines? The British variant of the new coronavirus-19 (Sars-Cov-2) should not create a vaccine problem. After the double-blind study phase, all patients will be provided with lithium therapy for two additional weeks. Among 978 children given the placebo, there were 16 cases of COVID-19. Who Is Most Likely To Experience A Tornado In March? What are the ingredients in the specific vaccine in question, as well as in other vaccines more generally, and can they be responsible for magnetizing a human? In the presence of an external field, diamagnetism will oppose the field's direction, paramagnets and ferromagnets will align with the field's direction. It requires two shots. Further proof with COVID-19. The results suggest that the vaccine is 100% effective at preventing the COVID-19 virus in this age group. Pregnant people can also get a COVID-19 booster dose. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed June 21, 2022. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. The new news about lithium: an underutilized treatment in the united states. Research shows that the three shots have produced antibody levels similar to those in young adults after getting the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. 25 October 2022. As a result, it's possible that you could become infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 just before or after being vaccinated. Accessed May 23, 2022. Among 663 children given the placebo, there were 16 cases of COVID-19. Psychiatry. Some people have no side effects. In every case where these human magnets have been tested, the same results appear each and every time. seizures. -. Janusz Rybakowski, MD, PhD, who conducted some of the early studies of lithiums antiherpetic viral effects, sees potential in lithium and plans to organize an international study comparing COVID-19 outcomes in lithium-treated vs. non-lithium treated patients with mood disorders. It requires two shots, given three weeks apart. Lee KMN, et al. If the external field has a "north" pole at the top, then then magnetized frog will have a "north" pole at the bottom, and two north poles will repel each other. Right now we believe that number is exceedingly low. PMC and transmitted securely. Chen K, Shi D, Li C, Fang Z, Guo Y, Jiang W, Li J, Li H, Yao H. Vaccines (Basel). People age 5 and older who have a weakened immune system and have had all recommended doses of the Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech or Novavax COVID-19 vaccines can get a booster dose of the updated Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 bivalent vaccines. There have . Although people who can do so are sometimes colloquially referred to as human magnets, with many making claims that they are, in fact, magnetic, the phenomenon at play here is much more mundane than magnetism. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-roundup-july-8-2022. If the redness or tenderness where the shot was given gets worse after 24 hours or you are concerned about any side effects, contact your doctor. AskMayoExpert. These permanent magnets remain magnetized even after any external magnetic fields are taken away. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/specific-groups/allergies.html. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Viral vector COVID-19 vaccines can't cause you to become infected with the COVID-19 virus or the viral vector virus. 1990;27(4):447453. Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), Safe outdoor activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, Safety tips for attending school during COVID-19, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities, Prevent you from becoming seriously ill, becoming hospitalized or dying due to, Pain, redness or swelling where the shot was given, Feelings of having a fast-beating, fluttering or pounding heart, Weakness or tingling sensations, especially in the legs or arms, that worsen and spread to other body parts, Difficulty with facial movements, including speaking, chewing or swallowing, Difficulty with bladder control or bowel function, Severe or persistent headaches or blurred vision, Easy bruising or tiny red spots on the skin beyond the injection site.