Spire short and compact, about 0.5-0.7 times height of aperture in mature specimens, proportionally longer in juveniles (Fig. Color of fresh shell never milky white. The other three forms, C. limum (Anthony, 1860), C. floridense Call,1866 and C. parthenum Vail, 1979, are exclusively apomictic parthenogens and have been separated on the basis of aperture coloration, embryonic shell coloration, and contour of the outer lip (Vail 1979a). Penis with 4-6 papillae along right margin (Fig. 1, 2). The spire differs between bumpy and smooth but it is always elongated. The basic shell morphology of the PLANORBIDAE is left-handed, or sinistral (FIGS. 120). It should be remembered that it is only a key which emphasizes shell characters. Suture relatively deep, Whorls of spire rounded. Basch, P.F. Shell with 3-4 whorls. Endemic New World genera occur in Cuba, Jamaica, and northern South America. Creek Siltsnail (Fig. Gray to brownish-yellow in color. Penis simple, elongate-conical, without papillae (Fig. Vertical ribs relatively strong and more widely spaced. Green Cove Springsnail In Florida four types of Campeloma have been recognized. 14), was introduced into a fishpond in St. Petersburg about 1921 and into lakes in Orlando about 1940. Shaggy Ghostsnail The VIVIPARINAE is widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia and eastern North America. (Thompson, 1968). Apex suppressed to form a nearly flat plane with the peripheral angle (Figs.165-167). Shell olive-green with vertical reddish flames and spots. Aperture widely separated from preceding whorl. Vertical ribs strongly developed, crossed by nearly equal sized spiral threads that form low spines where they cross the ribs, adults about 20-25 mm long (Fig. Malacological Review, 24: 55-72. Gulf Coast Pebblesnail) Somatogyrus walkerianus (Aldrich, 1905). Specimens then are placed in a fixative such as 10 percent formalin or Bouins Solution. Shell discoidal, grayish-white in color; transparent when fresh. Shell with darker colored spiral chords that may be smooth or wavy. The manual treats only those genera that occur in freshwater. Transparent white (Fig. One species, Spilochlamys turgida (Thompson, 1969), the Pumpkin Siltsnail (Fig. Bayou Physa Operculum calcareous with two pegs on inner surface (Figs. 49, 50). However, formalin is an excellent fixative for short-term preservation. Mantle mottled with black spots and blotches. Shell with 5.0-6.5 whorls; about 3-5 mm long (Fig. Outer lip straight in lateral profiles. All snails in the subfamily Achatininae, including the giant African snail (GAS) (Lissachatina fulica), are regulated plant pests. 40). Acad. Bright pink egg masses are laid on . Knobby Elimia Vail, V. A. Operculum paucispiral, with about three rapidly expanding whorls (Fig. Whorls globose, with a deeply impressed suture. The systematic relationships of the hydrobiid snail genus Nymphophilus Taylor, 1966 and the status of the Subfamily Nymphophilinae. Umbilicus open, although very narrow in some species; occasionally closed. Prominent minor spiral sculpture along periphery. Basal lip of peristome deeply receded. 118). Shell subcircular, smooth, often encrusted with dark material. (Vanatta, 1934). (Vanatta, 1935). Shell moderately large, 3.7-4.5 mm long; spire 1.00-1.35 times length of aperture; shell with 4.8-5.4 whorls. Aperture narrow, about half as wide as high. Our knowledge of the fauna has greatly increased during recent years, and a summary of this information was desirable to facilitate other kinds of study. Shell thin, fragile, very much depressed, less than 0.25 times as high as long. Shell usually opaque in adults, with a dark red callus inside the lip (Fig. 1979b. shell with 3.9-4.2 whorls (Fig. (Vail, 1979). Shell conical or cylindrical-conical in shape; spire elevated; body whorl not disproportionately voluminous; umbilicus closed or open. By 1973, more than 18,000 snails had been found and destroyed along with thousands of eggs, and the snail was . Accessory crest present. (Pfeiffer, 1839). Brownish-yellow in color (Fig. The state says a "gastropod enthusiast" collected unusual snails in the Coconut Grove area back in August. Sci. (Pilsbry and Johnson, 1903). Throughout the 19th and 20th Centuries malacologists made frequent field trips to explore river systems that were poorly known, and to revisit others that were renown for their rich and unique assemblages of species. (Say, 1829). Genera that serve as intermediate hosts for schistosomatid trematodes have been studied extensively. This revision follows the classification proposed by Taylor. Shell unicolor, never banded. An invasive, giant snail species, that can also lead to outbreaks of meningitis, has been found in New Port Richey. 105, 106). As was anticipated, further work on the systematics of the southeastern freshwater snail fauna created the need for subsequent revision in 1999, and for this updated version. 202, 208). Parietal margin of operculum slightly convex in outline (Fig. Excentric Ancylid Three occur in Florida. File Campeloma Work through the questions, each time choosing the characteristic that best matches your snail from the two choices. 81). Apex nearly straight-sided or concave in outline. 46). Base of shell open when viewed from below, showing most of preceding whorl due to curved basal lip (Fig. Most species are disc-shaped or planular, as is implied by the name PLANORBIDAE. Aperture enlarged (dilated). 44). Goblin Elimia) Elimia vanhyningiana (Goodrich, 1921). Males with penis at anterior right corner of mantle cavity. The Pleuroceridae of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. 1992. 82). Viviparus contectoides limi, new name for V. c. compactus Pils. Sculpture consisting of axial striations only (Fig.147). Marginal teeth of radula spatulate and bearing 8-10 weakly differentiated cusps. The first edition of The Freshwater Snails of Florida: a Manual for Identification was published in 1984. On sibling species and genetic diversity in Florida Goniobasis (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Pleuroceridae). October 14, 2021 7:00 am. Umbilicus variable. Elimia athearni Whorls of spire weakly scalariform, causing the suture to be deeply incised. Shell usually large, about 12-16 mm long. 94). Lobe and flagellum with various patterns of dermal glands (Fig. Incremental striations intensified near nucleus and umbilicus. (Walker, 1905). Shell larger, reaching a maximum diameter of 18 mm. Sides of spire straight-sided in outline. Outer lip partially flattened in adults. Base of shell when viewed from below showing about half of preceding whorl due to straight basal lip (Fig. The deterioration process is not reversible. (Mihalcik & Thompson, 2002). (Call, 1886). Suture not as deeply impressed as in 77b. Marsh Rams-horn Swallow-tailed kites are spring and summer residents; snail kites are specially adapted to feed on apple snails in Florida freshwater wetlands year 'round. Vertical ribs smooth along the periphery, strongly developed (Fig. This monumental work changed all previous concepts concerning subfamilies, genera and species in the family. 100). Amnicola is a widespread genus in temperate North America. Elimia dickinsoni 208, 209), although radial striations may be present on other areas of shell. It also was the first adequately illustrated faunal summary published on the Southeast. As a result . Flatwood siltsnail Lower margin of aperture advanced beyond upper margin so that plane of aperture slopes posteriorly when viewed from the side (Figs.189-193). 132). 1962. 110, 111, 68). U-shaped superior crest not enclosing longitudinal crests. 77-79). 33); males without copulatory structures. (Gould, 1841). This snail was twice established in southeastern Florida and was successfully eradicated both times. Littoridinops is found most frequently in brackish water, although the three species found in Florida also occur in frehswater. Shell transparent or translucent. It occurs in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Brazil (Figure 1) (Raut and Ghose 1984; Biswas et al. Newborn shells white. Floridobia is known from peninsular Florida north along the Atlantic seaboard to Maine. Peninsula Ancylid The number of subfanilies recognized in the Hydrobiida is unsettled. Nuclear whorl slightly protruding, 0.29-0.41 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. (Reeve, 1860). Embryonic shell smooth, without spiral chords (Fig. Newborn shells brown. Thompson, F. G. 2000. The following shells are commonly found on Florida's beaches. Planorbella scalaris Lioplax pilsbryi pilsbryi They can also carry rat lungworm, which causes meningitis in humans. (Thompson, 1968). (Fig. Fossaria modicella Adult shells about 40 70 mm high (Fig. This subfamily includes about fifteen North American and European genera (Thompson 1979). Shell rounded at the periphery (Figs. Body whorl angular. (Haldeman, 1841). This genus of minute freshwater snails is endemic to the Florida peninsula. Umbilical perforation narrow, 1/8 1/10 diameter of shell. MESZAROS: It's not clear how these snails entered Florida again. Physella gyrina aurea Other species deposit eggs during the period of March through May, at which time the adults die and immature forms dominate the population through August or September. Shell depressed. Embryonic shell with fine vertical ribs and a heavy spiral chord on periphery and two basal spiral chords (Fig. 70). The best times to look for shells are after a high tide, after a storm, in the morning, and during the winter months. Freemouth Hydrobe 10). Whorls 4.6-5.3. A little practice may be necessary to perfect this relaxing procedure. Whorls straight-sided, not scalariform; suture hardly distinct; aperture terminating at periphery of last whorl; vertical ribs weaker and closely spaced; adult size about 25-30 mm long (Fig. 174-176). Size: 2-4 cm. Rock Springs Siltsnail Live field samples should be divided into two groups, one to be preserved for shells, the other to be preserved for anatomical specimens. Last whorl of adult shell smooth or with growth striations, but not with ribs and spiral chords. Spilochlamys conica Shell brightly banded and with large, wide and wavey vertical folds; robust, usually 21-25 mm long (Fig. 99). This causes problems in species identification and yield an undermeasure of the actual number of species that exist in nature. Penis with superior tubercles forming a vague broken loop; invaginated cave-like pit absent. Penis as illustrated (Fig. Parapical crest of verge greatly enlarged. 75). Shell medium to large (12-75 mm). Some shells may be heavily encrusted with mineral deposit and algae, which may obscure details of the sculpture and color. Shell coiled to the right, with the aperture on the right side (Figs. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Acaemy of Sciences, 32: 241-65. 36). 124). They are commonly found on live aquatic plant stems, dead leaves and sticks, and on bottles and cans. Basch (1963) recognized five valid species. Apex less than 0.4 times length of shell. A synopsis of the classification of the freshwater Mollusca of North America north of Mexico and a catalogue of the more recently described species with notes. Campeloma geniculum Body whorl compressed (Fig. Aperture comma-shaped, tightly appressed against preceding whorl. Shell grayish-white. 84). Identifications are difficult in many instances without properly preserved specimens. Three species are known from rivers entering northwest Florida from Georgia and Alabama. Medium- to large-sized tropical freshwater snails. Contents 1 Shell description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 References 5 Further reading Shell description [ edit] Five views of a shell of Pomacea paludosa Minor spiral sculpture weak or absent. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), the giant African snail, commonly referred to as GALS by invasive-species aficionados, is native to East Africa . 7-9). 98). (Thompson, 2000). Mantle diffusely pigmented or unpigmented. Florida Press, Gainesville: i-xv, 1-68; pls. 59). Female adult snail kites have yellow or orange legs and ceres; and red or orangish-brown eyes. Applesnails are tropical to subtropical organisms and cannot survive below 50F in the winter (Florida DOACS, 2002). Earlier whorls of adult shell with vertical ribs and spiral chords. Whorls rounded, not carinate above; occasionally angular below. Females ovoviviparous or oviparous. Vertical sculpture reduced to irregularly spaced and uneven growth striations or low undulating ribs. Two species occur in Florida. Accessory crest absent. In view of the inconsistency of these shell characters, these three forms may represent only a single species, Campeloma limum, which is widely distributed from the Escambia River system of Florida and Alabama east and north into North Carolina and Virginia. Elimia clenchi 22). Fenney Spring Hydrobe (Menke, 1839). A Guide to Florida Bird Species. The bulimulids of Florida have ovate-conical or bulimoid shells that at maturity range in size from 15 mm to 70 mm. (Mihalcik & Thompson, 2002). Alexander Siltsnail Haitia pomilia pomilia Shell conical or cylindric-conical. Whorls shouldered above near suture (Fig. Shell sculptured with vertical, weakly curved ribs and much finer spiral striations. 146). Four species currently are recognized, but the genus has received very little study over most of its range. (Clench & Turner, 1956). Serrated Crownsnail Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 2: 385-412. The author has attempted to simplify the key to include the minimum anatomical data needed for accurate identification. In others they are deposited in the water in gelatinous clusters. Size larger, adults 7 mm or more in width. Nucleus of operculum spiral and then surrounded by concentric growth rings (Fig. Apical whorls raised to form a point on top of spire. Florida. Shell of various shapes and sculpture. Lymnaeids are a nearly cosmopolitan family of freshwater snails. Shell ovate in shape, about 1.2-1.5 times as high as wide. Surface smooth or dented with hammer marks. 48). Shell relatively thick (Figs. (Fig.114). Others were new taxa not found in earlier surveys. We Floridians have so much to be proud of. Unlike other brown-tinted giant snails, this. Shell sculptured with fine spiral threads. Shell dark brown. 149). Nuclear whorl 0.29-0.33 mm in diameter. (Morelet, 1851). Penis with one papilla on left margin (Fig. Thompson, F. G. & R. Hershler. 125); accessory crest absent on penis. Mantle cavity with gill on dorsal surface. Baker, F.C. 62). 199). Apex very short, only slightly raised above body whorl. Six species are known to occur in Florida. Penis with a large, blade-like flagellum with continuous heavy dermal glands along each side (Figs. Penis with papillae along right margin (Figs. Adults about 15-18 mm wide with about 5.5 whorls (Figs.183-185). Shell medium-sized or large; 5.4-7.5 mm long; thick and opaque; ovate or globose; apical whorls depressed; sides of spire rounded; body whorl conspicuously enlarged, ample, rapidly descending to aperture along last half whorl. Penis with papillae along both margins, or right margin only (papillae absent in some Aphaostracon). Overshadowing this genetic divergence are frequent examples of convergent evolution of similar adult shell characters among distantly related species. 68). 70, 71). Weak spiral striations present on top of growth striations (Figs. Columellar margin of aperture wide, flat-faced; apex of spire usually erroded; apical whorls, when present, with minute spiral striations; central tooth of radula with basocones located on ridged surface of tooth (Fig. 102a, 102b). Aphaostracon asthenes One species occurs naturally in Florida, and three others have been introduced. (Thompson, 2000). Shell coiled to the left, with the aperture on the left side (Figs.147-158). Periphery of last whorl bluntly angular, lying below plane of apex (Figs. Shell with spiral chords or spirally arranged series of nodes. Floridobia porterae Radial striations present or absent Laevapex Walker, 1903. 173). Olive NeriteNeritina usnea(Reding, 1798). Shell minute, 2.0-2.3 mm long; thin and transparent; spire 0.7-1.1 times length of aperture; flagellum lacking glandular crests. Sculptured with regularly spaced, fine, incremental threads and spiral striations; spiral striations evident only on base of whorls in some specimens. Curator of Malacology. 162). 135). They were created by or for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, or its predecessor agencies.Amphipod Key, Volumes 1-5 - LeCroy, Sara E. An Illustrated Identification Guide to the Nearshore Marine and Estuarine Amphipoda of Florida:Volume 1 (2000, PDF, 18 MB).Volume The shells should be rinsed frequently in tap water during the cleaning process to prevent etching by the acid. Spurwinkia: Morphology, systematics, and ecology of a new genus of North American marshland Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Operculum loosely coiled, with 3.75 large whorls, the outer one expanding more rapidly than the others (Figs. The shell characters given above for separating the families apply only to Florida species. Outer lip of aperture with a thick callus on inner surface. MIAMI-DADE, Fla. As if 2020 did not have enough surprises and curveballs, an invasive snail located in the U.S. for the first time was discovered in-- you guessed it, Florida. Hyacinth Siltsnail) Floridobia floridana (Frauenfeld, 1863). Shell large, 4.0-4.6 mm long; thick and opaque. 16, 22-28). Shell with or without bright bands; with low wavy growth wrinkles; large but not robust, 23-28 mm long. Clench, W.J. Apex with fine radial striations (Figs. Fossaria cubensis Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Pilidae): A freshwater snail introduced into Florida, U. S. A. Malacological Review, 30:91. Like. Shell cylindric-conical, solid opaque; 4.5-4.9 moderately rounded whorls. The giant African land snail is back in Florida after having been declared eradicated twice. 127); superior tubercles on penis arranged in oblique longitudinal series. The planorbid snail Micromenetus dilatatus avus in the West Indies and Central America. (Jay, 1839). Is non-native to the area, in our case northwest Florida Whorls uniformly rounded, not flattened above (Fig.144). Shell specimens should be cleaned and air-dried. Floridobia ponderosa Dense Hydrobe Typically, land snails live on or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and lay their eggs in the soil. Apex smooth, with no trace of radial striations (Fig. Penis filament white. Shell elongate-conical. It is hoped that this manual will stimulate other biologists to contribute to our knowledge of freshwater mollusks. 91). Nautilus, 97: 68-69. Shell conical; thin and transparent; 4.0-4.5 strongly arched whorls. Thompson, F.G. 1979. Aperture of shell closed by an operculum (snail must be collected live because the operculum is lost soon after death). Frequently the shells of ampulariids and viviparids are very similar. These are white, which is the more prized color in. Arboreal forms, such as Liguus of Florida and Cuba, tend to be brightly coloured; terrestrial forms usually are drab. Narrowly umbilicate. Shell sculptured with fine spiral striations, and in some cases curved axial ribs. Hershler, R. & F. G. Thompson. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) Florida, a state that encourages people to kill non-native iguanas, pythons and lionfish, has a new invasive species to worry about: the horntail snail, which has never . Shell smaller, generally less than 12 mm long. Many species are secondarily modified to appear right-handed or pseudo-dextral (FIGS. 171-173). Laevapex fuscus For the purpose of completeness, the three parthenogenetic forms and C. geniculum are included in the key. Aphaostracon hypohyalina Elimia doolyensis Common name: Florida applesnail Taxonomy: available through Identification: This species is the largest freshwater gastropod native to North America (Burch 1982). The species was eradicated again in 2021 after being detected in 2011 in Miami-Dade County, according to FDACS. Lioplax pilsbryi choctawhatchensis Melanoides turricula 45). Adults about 5 mm long (Figs. Whorls of spire less rounded. TAMPA, Fla. - A horntail snail, an invasive pest common in India, has been found in Miami-Dade County, spurring agriculture officials to start a program to prevent the possible spread of the species, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services said Thursday. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - An invasive giant African snail that has already had to be eradicated twice in the last 50 years in Florida is back and one county is on high alert. Rasp Elimia Floridobia mica Outer lip strongly sinuous. 143). 119). The radula is then thoroughly rinsed in distilled water, stained, and mounted on a microscope slide. Sculptured with fine incremental striations and a few fine spiral striations (difficult to distinguish except with transmitted light). Prepared by Fred G. Thompson, Fmr. Umbilicus narrow, deep (Fig. 1963. Stately Elimia Shell globose with a short depressed spire; body whorl ample; umbilicus closed. 2015; Jayashankar et al. 169, 172). Sculpture above periphery of whorls consisting of nodes arranged in vertical and spiral rows. Shell larger, thicker, and opaque; spire 0.9-1.3 times length of aperture; with more than 4.2 whorls; penis flagellum with glandular crests. Shell very thin, fragile, transparent. Two genera of North American freshwater snails: Marstonia Baker, 1926 resureected to generic status, and Floridobia, new genus (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae, Nymphophilinae). A catalogue of the Viviparidae of North America with notes on the distribution of Viviparus georgianus Lea. Spilochlamys is most similar to the next genus, Cincinnatia, from which its shell usually differs by having a more deeply impressed suture, more strongly shouldered whorls, and a wider umbilical perforation. (Walker, 1908). Red-rimmed Melania Radula with tricuspid lateral teeth (Fig. Sides of spire slightly convex. Identification Damage from snail and slug pests appears as oblong, irregular holes at both the margin and the center of leaves and flowers. dalli Whorls of spire strongly arched or rounded. Shell sexually dimorphic in size, males about one-third as long as females. Giant Snails Invading Florida, "Major Threat" to Crops. 63). Some were range extensions for species known to occur in adjacent areas. About fifteen species have been described from North America. Planorbis alabamensis and dilatatus in the Floridian Pliocene. Sculpture variable. 1956. Ancylid gastropods are small, fragile limpets found in most freshwater habitats. Penis with a very long slender flagellum that extends beyond terminal lobe. 89, 90). Davis, G.M., M. Mazurkiewicz, & M. Mandracchia. (Pfeiffer, 1839). Nuclear whorl flattened, 0.41-0.48 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. The greatest diversity of genera and species is in the Indo-Australian region. Elimia floridensis ssp. Nuclear whorl 0.41 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. Conical with relatively obese whorls. Shell sculptured with prominent nodes overlapping suture and forming crenulations. Aperture strongly oblique. An investigation by FDACS Division of Plant Industry found multiple positive sites with the snail in Miami-Dade County. Vas deferens the only duct present in penis (Fig. It was well received, and it served the interests and needs of many people. Pygmy Siltsnail) Floridobia parva (Thompson, 1968). Giant African snails can lead to giant problems. (Thompson, 2000). Outer lip of aperture strongly sinuous in lateral profile (Fig. Widely umbilicate. Operculum with about 6 slowly expanding whorls (Fig. Shell elongate, thin, transparent, grayish. Last whorl not shouldered (Figs.155, 156). Low-dome Physa Elimia buffyae Walkerana, 13: 1-108. 110). Umbilicus widely perforate, accentuated by a strong circum-umbilical keel. Their color varies from red-orange, to pink, to a blue purple. Shell with or without bands; slender; Suture deeply impressed; upper whorls with a strongly carinate periphery (Fig. Shell elliptical in shape. 1978. Shell highly variable in shape; freshwater forms olivaceous or brown; adults with about 4.5-6.0 whorls; about 3.5-4.5 mm long (Fig. Penis with 3 papillae along right margin (Fig. 32). Whorls 3.0-4.0. The beaches in Florida are perfect for shelling and beach combing. Little is known about these animals, and diverse opinions exist as to how many species are recognizable. It contains about a dozen species in North America. Spiketopped Applesnail When trying to identify the type of snail, the easiest method is to check it out closely. (Thompson, 1968). Peristome complete around aperture. Aperture without serrate denticles on parietal wall. Three new freshwater snails of the genus Cincinnatia from peninsular Florida. Female oviparous, never with embryos in uterus. 160, 163, 166). Shell small, 2.0-2.8 mm long. Those available covered only part of the state or part of the fauna. Outer lip of aperture nearly straight in lateral profile (Figs. (Couper, 1844). Crystal Siltsnail Goldenhorn Marisa Spiral angulation on last whorl obsolete or bluntly rounded and forming a shallow sulcus below shoulder of last whorl. Haitia bermudezi 2018). The species of snail was present in Florida in the 1960s and 1970s before being eradicated in 1975, the FDACS said. Lyogyrus retromargo 47). Peristome incomplete around aperture. (Sowerby, 1878). University of Florida scientists say the nightmarishly named "rat lungworm" has been found in multiple species of snails in the Miami area, including the invasive giant African snail. 137, 139). Slackwater Elimia The living snail is bright orange. Shell unicolor brown, never mottled with reddish spots. Ecology: This large snail is found in freshwater lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and ditches, preferring slow-moving water. It is important to save some specimens for anatomical studies. (Fig. M-879 CONE SNAIL, Conus floridanus A small and less poisonous species, no one has ever died or been stung by one of these slow-movers, but like all cones, they have a venomous proboscis. 180-182). Click on the link in the row that best matches your snail. 112), occurs in the Ocmulgee River system in Georgia. Mesa Rams-horn Aperture elliptical and usually attached to preceding whorl; 4.1-4.5 whorls present. 172). Penis with 2 or 3 papillae on left margin (Fig. Slough Hydrobe Shell usually planispiral, but two species may have a flat-topped, elevated spire. Floridobia wekiwae Marginal teeth of radula trapezoidal with well-differentiated cusps. The giant African snails detected in New Port Richey, Florida are unrelated to the population of giant African snails eradicated from Broward and Miami Dade counties last year.