did prince ernest die of syphilis did prince ernest die of syphilis

Signs and symptoms of neurosyphilis can include: severe headache; muscle weakness and/or trouble with muscle movements; and According to their childhood tutor, "they went hand-in-hand in all things, whether at work or at play. Ernest II, (born June 21, 1818, Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld [Germany]died August 22, 1893, Reinhardsbrunn, Thuringia), duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, brother of Prince Albert (consort of Queen Victoria of England), and a strong supporter of German unification. [16] He had come to behave in such a fashion by the tutelage of his father, who took his sons to "sample the pleasures" of Paris and Berlin, to Albert's "horror and shame". "[62] His funeral was held in the Morizkirche in Coburg; thousands of spectators came to the funeral, including Emperor Wilhelm II and the Prince of Wales. The man born Prince Rogers Nelson on June 7, 1958 died April 21, 2016 at the age of 57 from an accidental overdose of the opioid fentanyl.. On 29 January 1844, Ernest's father died in Gotha, one of the territories their family had recently acquired. Toward the end of his life, Hitler became increasingly erratic and detached from reality. At 36, Shakespeares handwriting, including his signature, became noticeably different, showing evidence of a tremor in his hand. In 1863, the Greek throne was accepted by another member of a royal family: the Princess of Wales' younger brother Prince William of Denmark. He was two decades her senior, but the Sutherlands shared a very affectionate marriage and produced an impressive 11 kids: four sons and seven daughters. One theory may plausibly explain Hitlers behavior and decisions while ruling Nazi Germany. All in all it was a weird childhood. Funding for MASTERPIECE is provided by Viking and Raymond James, with additional support from public television viewers and contributors to The Masterpiece Trust, created to help ensure the series' future. .] Dr. Morell prescribed iodide salts for Hitler, although theyre also used for angina and chest pain, another of Hitlers complaints. His support of the conservatives came at a price however, and he was no longer viewed as the possible leader of a political movement. They lacked the basic nutrition and sanitation that would have aided recovery. Sometimes I can't believe she keeps going back! [15] However, most others favored Albert over Ernest as a possible husband. Victoria wrote in 1873, "The accounts of Uncle Ernest's conduct are too distressing", and two weeks later to her Vicky, "What you say about Uncle E. alas! In 1863, Ernest told Victoria that it was time for Alfred to leave the navy and enter a German university. Prince Ernest Augustus was born at Buckingham House on 5 June 1771. In Episode 4, Victorias awareness of the famine in Ireland was sparked by the writings of Irish rector Robert Traill. [55] "Dear Uncle Ernest does us all a great deal of harm by his odd ways and uncontrollable tongue with his very lively imagination". But the true cause of his death is in fact unknown, whether it was an accident, a suicide, or a prevalent genetic killer that caused toxic levels of iron to flood the body, ultimately inciting depression and agony. [62] In addition, Ernest was an enthusiastic patron of everything connected with natural history,[62] for instance traveling to Abyssinia with the German zoologist Alfred Brehm in 1862. The Duke took his sons to sample the "pleasures" of Paris and Berlin, something which horrified Albert but appealed a great deal to his older brother. Ernest and Albert first visited their eligible cousin Victoria in 1836. Less common, but no less destructive, is neurosyphilis, in which the central nervous system breaks down, causing either general paresis or tabes dorsalis. However, her anti-slavery campaign was controversial as the Sutherlands' own tenants in the Scottish highlands lived in poverty. In the syphilitic group, half were given the best . Two years later, he became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when his father died. Ernest grew up at Kew, housed with his younger brothers, Augustus and Adolphus. Ernest supported the German Confederation in the Schleswig-Holstein Wars against Denmark, sending thousands of troops and becoming the commander of a German corps; he was instrumental in the 1849 victory at the battle of Eckernfrde against Danish forces. Its undeniable that John Wilkes Booth was mentally unstable. [6] According to their tutor, "they went hand-in-hand in all things, whether at work or at play. ITV's Victoria sees Albert's brother Ernst fall in love with the Queen's Mistress of the Robes, Harriet. Prince Philip, the Greece-born royal who as the husband of Queen Elizabeth II was the longest-serving consort to a British sovereign, died Friday. Conventional wisdom, however, held that it was impossible, syphilis having arrived in Europe only after 1493 with the men who sailed with Columbus. As head of the Coburg family, Ernest would normally have been able to arrange Alfred's education and general upbringing unchallenged. He also was a keen sportsman. Corrections? [35] Albert agreed there were going to be problems with the match, but as he could find no alternative bride, he wrote to Ernest that keeping the affair a private matter (and outside the realm of government) was "the only way to prevent a break with Prussia and the only way to keep the game in our own hands, impose the conditions that we think necessary, and as far as we can, take off its political edge". Ernst suffered from venereal disease in his late teens and early 20s, Harriet, yet Edward did have reported problems teething, 1892, but some believe he died of syphilis and might have committed the murders while in the throes of syphilitic insanity. Prince Albert was born on August 26, 1819 at Schloss Rosenau castle, near Coburg, Germany. When he came into the title, he would, unlike most British dukes, have a territory of which he would be the sovereign and of which he would be directly involved in the governing. did prince ernest die of syphilis did prince ernest die of syphilis. He and Albert were brought up and educated together as if they were twins. In 1861 Ernest concluded a military agreement with Prussia, subordinating his troops to Prussian command in case of war. Ernest II, (born June 21, 1818, Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld [Germany]died August 22, 1893, Reinhardsbrunn, Thuringia), duke of Saxe- Coburg - Gotha, brother of Prince Albert (consort of Queen Victoria of England ), and a strong supporter of German unification. [43], There were problems to the nomination; Ernest had no legitimate children, and thus would have had to adopt one of the princes of his house to succeed him as King of Greece. These, the doctor observes, are among the commoner manifestations of syphilis. Only Charles knew why he had made such strange decisions: He wanted to get rid of all concerns so that he could conquer Naples. Zeepvat, p. 6 and Baillie-Grohman, p. 60. "If I were asked which is the most destructive of all diseases I should unhesitatingly reply, it is that which for some years has been raging with impunity . Harriet and the Queen shared an enduring friendship. [16] In April 1837, Ernest and Albert and their household moved to the University of Bonn. Their father the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha had endless affairs and liaisons, barely pausing to marry his sisters daughter the Duchess Marie who became the boys stepmother (as well as their first cousin). Syphilis was effectively diagnosed first using a test in 1906. Temperamentally, Victoria was much more like Ernest, for both were lively and sociable with a love for dancing, gossip, and late nights; conversely, this fast pace made Albert physically ill.[16] Victoria believed Ernest had a "most kind, honest, and intelligent expression in his countenance", while Albert "seemed full of goodness and sweetness, and very clever and intelligent. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Britain's Prince Philip, a stalwart supporter of his wife, Queen Elizabeth II, for over seven decades, died Friday. During this interlude, Ernest fervently opposed the marriage of his nephew Albert Edward, Prince of Wales ('Bertie'), to Princess Alexandra of Denmark, a daughter of the future Christian IX of Denmark (and therefore an enemy of the German states). Even though Lincoln was shot before the later stages of syphilis were manifested, there is medical evidence that Lincoln had the disease. Music legend Prince died after taking what he thought was Vicodin but was actually a counterfeit painkiller that was laced with fentanyl, a Minnesota prosecutor said Thursday in announcing that. [29] He could also draw and play the piano. For Queen Elizabeth, the relation to Queen Victoria is through her fathers side. He suffered from hoarseness, a common symptom of syphilis, which made him unable to project his voice on stage. [13] Both boys, especially Albert, were considered by their family to be a potential husband for the young princess, and they were both taught to speak competent English. As mentioned earlier, mercury was a common treatment for syphilis before there was an effective cure. Read more in MASTERPIECEs Fact or Fiction: Inside Episode 4. Alexandrine seems to have turned a blind eye and continued to call him "Ernst, my treasure", baffling outsiders. The problem is that there is some evidence that he did have the disease. Ernest, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, was born at Ehrenburg Palace in Coburg on 21 June 1818. King Charles VIII of France had an obsessive desire to reclaim the Kingdom of Naples. In 1852 he gave Gotha a new constitution, which in part coordinated the administration of his two duchies. In 1842 he married Alexandrine of Baden, and he succeeded to the dukedom upon his fathers death in 1844. The dead sportsman's hunting - knife, which I saw so often in his strong hand, is now lying before me, a cherished memento, kindly sent me by the stricken dowager-duchess a few weeks after the funeral. In 1826, their father succeeded as Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha through an exchange of territories after the death of the duke's uncle, Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.[2]. Ernst was his father's heir and expected to succeed him, as he indeed did, as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His personal relationships were often unfulfilling because his idea of romance didnt fit reality. Though Victoria loved Ernest because he was Albert's brother, she was displeased that Ernest was writing his memoirs, worrying about their contents mainly in regard to her dead husband. After his ineligibility was confirmed however, the Greeks began looking for other possible candidates, which included Duke Ernest at the British government's suggestion. Others develop necrotic facial gummas, in which cranial bone and cartilage disintegrate. CNN reported that the pain-killing substance was found on Prince while the Star Tribune in Minneapolis reported that prescription pills were found where the musician died at the age of 57 last week at his home in suburban Minneapolis. When two of his brothers died without male heirs, Johann Ernst took possession of Coburg (in 1699) and Rmhild (in 1714). It was in these moments that the Tuskegee study's true nature became clear. [54] His behavior and manner of dress increasingly became a joke for younger generations. Ernests memoirs were published as Aus meinem Leben und aus meiner Zeit (From My Life and My Time), in three volumes (188789). He also desired to be given a military job during the war, but was refused, as it was "extremely difficult to offer me a position in the army of Schleswig-Holstein corresponding to my rank", according to his memoirs. Though he had only recently changed his political views, Ernest was allowed to ride at the head of his battalion during the victory parade. Its also possible that Beethoven had congenital syphilis (syphilis at birth). And until now it had always been . During this time, he started the most productive period of his life, but he also became increasingly plagued with seizures and delusions. venereal disease The Greeks were eager to have someone close to Britain and Queen Victoria replace Otto; some desired to allow Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (her second son) to succeed as King of Greece. Dr. Phillips wrote in the "primary cause" field of Capone's death certificate that he died of "bronchial pneumonia 48 hours contributing apoplexy 4 days." Only the obituaries revealed the "paresis, a chronic brain disease causing loss of physical and mental power," with the underlying neurosyphilis being left out entirely. Find out about new shows, get updates on your favorite dramas and mysteries, enjoy exclusive content and more! Others believe that other mental illnesses may have caused van Goghs madness, although syphilis is believed to have had a major effect on his life. Its a glimpse of the pernicious gender inequalities that shaped medical, moral and state reactions to VD, most notoriously the Contagious Diseases Acts. Both reports were based on unidentified law enforcement sources. How, then, to deliver a safe but sufficient dose? That means he's thrown back together with the woman he rejected so harshly. Although the noxious yellow vapours engulfing our recumbent protagonist might look like something from a Hammer horror film, there was method in this medical madness. Early years. The Duke took his sons to sample the "pleasures" of Paris and Berlin, something which horrified Albert but appealed a great deal to his older brother. This was called the Wassermann test. [19] This connection would have many implications for Ernest in the future; for example, he was selected as godfather for Albert's second daughter Princess Alice, and would eventually come to give her away at her wedding, only months after Albert's death. 4 Ivan The Terrible's Infamous Reign May Have Been Caused By Syphilis. [22] Thus, despite Ernest's protests, he went unheeded in Albert's lifetime. Who was the first wife of Duke Ernest II? Even though it's extremely likely that the problem was Ernst's as his venereal disease made her infertile, she blamed herself and stuck by him while he seems to have shown her little regard. I assure you that I felt great difficulty in writing to him for his birthday, but I wrote it as short and cool as I could consistently with civility". Vicky has racked her brains to help us to find someone, but in vainWe have no [other reasonable] choice". Ernest and his only full sibling, his younger brother Prince Albert (consort to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom), were born 14 months apart and raised as though twins. Some of the side effects of mercury are psychological changes and the tremors that Shakespeare developed. So we have slightly deviated away from the truth. Around 1835, Lincoln admitted to his close friend and biographer William Herndon that hed caught the disease. RadioTimes. After Albert's death in 1861, Ernest published anonymous pamphlets against various members of the British royal family. [51] Victoria's husband Crown Prince Frederick William was also pleased with Ernest's decision, writing in his journal 28 September 1871, that the duke's "society always affords me peculiar pleasure, especiallywhen his heart beats so warmly for Germany". Contained within are Ernests reflections on the creation of the modern German state, as well as his correspondence with his sister-in-law Queen Victoria. Vincent van Gogh is one of the most famous names in the art world, but he suffered a tragically short life of almost constant poverty and depression. Get the superfan scoop on the final season with exclusive cast interviews, videos and more. Although less common, it can also be transmitted through sharing . Some believe that Beethovens deafness may have been caused by syphilis. Still, many wives were considered for Ernst but he remained unmarried until his mid-20s. During the Seven Weeks War of 1866, after vainly trying to mediate between Prussia and Austria, he put his troops under Prussian direction just before the decisive Battle of Langensalza. The doctor offers no rebuke. Although his death certificate doesnt list a cause of death, its generally agreed that Wilde died of cerebral meningitis, which is inflammation of the lining of the brain. The democratic leanings of the Coburg court seriously embarrassed Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck, whose policy was further hampered when Coburg became the headquarters of the party in favour of Frederick, duke of Augustenburg (later Frederick VIII), during the Schleswig-Holstein crisis. But it's all for good telly.". CNN reported that the pain-killing substance was found on Prince while the Star Tribune in Minneapolis reported that prescription pills were found where the musician died at the age of 57 last week at his home in suburban Minneapolis. Finally, in 1495, he marched into Naples without opposition and received the crown. Theres evidence to discount the theory that Beethoven had the disease, such as the fact that no mercury was found in his hair when mercury was a common syphilis treatment. As for the real Prince Albert's death, exactly when the symptoms of his fatal illness started is not entirely clear to historynotes of purchase from both the Prince himself and the royal. [10] The year after her death, their father married his niece Duchess Marie of Wrttemberg, who was his sister Antoinette's daughter. Today, confirmed cases of syphilis are at their highest in England since 1949, strains of gonorrhoea are resistant to last-line antibiotics and the NHS faces mounting financial pressures. During Queen Victorias reign as the Queen of England from 1837 to 1901, she had nine children, four sons and five daughters, with her husband Prince Albert. The little we do know comes from outside records and speculation, but at least one theory could explain why Shakespeare abruptly quit writing and went into retirement. Ernests predicament was grim, but his chances were considerably better than most. His father became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I) in 1826 through an exchange of territories. Plus, you'll find out about other MASTERPIECE shows coming soon. Prince had a troubled relationship with his step-father which lead him to run away from home. Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Volume 1, p. 48. For 158 years now, it has continued to be the well-worn and widely accepted conclusion that Albert, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria, died an untimely death by typhoid fever on 14 December 1861. Only two years after her husband's death, Harriet was struck down by illness. 204-05. Treatment follow-up After you're treated for syphilis, your doctor will ask you to: In the Victorian imagination, syphilis was inextricable from the other great social evil, prostitution, and represented physical and moral decay. [52], Ernest's support of the Prussians in the Austro-Prussian War and later Franco Prussian War meant he was no longer the potential leader of a political movement; although it was true that he had been able to retain his duchies, it had come at a price. [9] She soon remarried to Alexander von Hanstein, Count of Plzig and Beiersdorf, dying in 1831 at the age of thirty. Will he finally admit the truth? That journey was chronicled in a book, Reise des Herzogs Ernst von Sachsen-Koburg-Gotha nach gypten, published in 1862. [40] In an 11 April letter, Victoria unhappily noted to her eldest daughter, "You did not tell me that Bertie had met Uncle Ernest at ThebesI am always alarmed when I think of Uncle Ernest and Bertie being together as I know the former will do all he can to set Bertie against the marriage with Princess Alix". Boris Johnson's mummified ancestor may have been misdiagnosed and did not die from a sexually transmitted disease (STD), according to a new report. Mary Todd also developed blindness and had extreme weight loss, other possible symptoms of syphilis. Try 12 issues for 1 today - never miss an issue. That it had been important is shown by the comment of Emperor William I: To him in no small degree was due the establishment of the empire. A man of varied tastes, Ernest composed several operas and songs. Viewers accustomed to the tightly regulated treatments available on the NHS might find this shocking. Though neither man names the disease, the subtext is clear: Ernest contracted syphilis during a wild night in Paris a misfortune that could befall anyone, really. All in all it was a weird childhood. Although he grew up learning German, his native language was decided to be English. When did Prince Alberts brother Prince Ernst get married? [42] He was elected with 95% of the vote in the Greek head of state referendum of 1862. But few famous people who died of syphilis are as follows: Christopher Columbus: Christopher Columbus (better known as the explorer of America) was born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy. Throughout all of this, van Goghs paintings became darker and more bizarre. Gordon Gora is a struggling author who is desperately trying to make it. In one fit of rage, he even killed his son. hard rock disneyland paris. During Albert's lifetime, Ernest took a close interest in the movement for reform, and was perceived as a progressive within Germany. It will ever remind me, not so much of a sportsman prince, as of a prince among sportsmen. From the book: Sport in the Alps in the Past and Present, An Account of the Chase of the Chamois, Red Deer, Bouquetin, Roe-deer, Capercaillie, and Black-cock, with Personal Adventures and Historical Notes and Some Sporting Reminiscences of H.R.H. MENU MENU. [41], On 23 October 1862, Otto of Bavaria, King of Greece, was deposed in a bloodless coup. Prince Albert initially encouraged him to get married, but after he found out about his brother's disease he advised him to wait until he was better. The idea comes from Shakespeares own handwriting. Historically, as the famine of 1845-1921 devastated Ireland, real-life rector Robert Traill led efforts to fundraise and feed the hungry. Prince was adopted by a family called the Andersons. Ernest sent 8,000 men initially, adding to the army sent by the German Confederation. She was known for her erratic behavior in later life, and she complained of hallucinations and delusions. Prince's death has been blamed on typhoid until now. She found Ernest lively and sociable with a love of gossip and also approved of Albert, but despite the hopes of the boys' families no marriage proposal for either Prince was forthcoming. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. He was unfaithful and continued to have affairs, fathering at least three illegitimate children and at one point bringing two mistresses to live with him and his wife. They had also learned from accidentally poisoning their patients that its administration needed to be carefully controlled. Both reports were based on unidentified law enforcement sources. The Victoria two-hour festive special is a turning point in Harriet and Ernest's will-they-won't-they relationship. He was the elder son of Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (later Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and his first wife Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.He was soon joined by a brother, Prince Albert, who would later become the husband of Queen Victoria. Still, it cant be entirely discredited, even if it was just a contributing factor to Hitlers behavior. Here is the real history behind this storyline. She was married to an extremely wealthy Whig MP, but became an important figure in London high society in her own right and served as Mistress of the Robes under several Whig administrations. Booth also became impulsive, a symptom indicative of the deterioration of the frontal lobe, which is common with syphilis. In his plays, Shakespeare developed an obsession with syphilis, a disease usually ignored by society at that time. Although he left Antwerp in 1886 to live with his brother in Paris, van Gogh would have a lasting reminder of his time in Belgium: syphilis. After their marriage, Alexandrine and Ernst visited Victoria and Albert in England and the two couples got on extremely well, although the trip had to be cut short when Ernst's new wife became ill. He also published his memoirs in three volumes: Aus meinem Leben und aus meiner Zeit (18881890). In 1890, he checked out of the asylum, although he was still mentally unbalanced. The British Privy Council recommended that a second marriage be performed when the couple . [32] As commander of a German corps, Ernest was instrumental in winning the 5 April 1849 battle of Eckernfrde against Danish forces, capturing two frigates. He was a first cousin of King George V of the United Kingdom, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and brother of Queen Marie of Romania. In 1840 and 1841 he went to Spain and Portugal; in Portugal another cousin, Ferdinand, was King Consort. Even though William Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers in history, his life remains a mystery to this day. Zeepvat, p. 2 and Coit Gilman et al, p. 841. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. used kompact kamp mini mate for sale. The musician was 57 when he died. Most of these records still survive, providing modern historians with a portrait of Hitlers private life. 1500-1524. The first day you receive treatment, you may experience what's known as the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. He had been killed by that dreadful business, she said. In Mein Kampf, Hitler devoted several pages to syphilis, even calling it the Jewish disease. Dr. Morell noted symptoms such as severe gastric crises, skin lesions, and violent mood swings as evidence that Hitler had contracted syphilis and sudden criminal behavior, paranoia, grandiosity and mania, all of which changes show in cases of neuro-syphilis.. Cerebral meningitis can be caused by syphilis because syphilis causes deterioration in the brain. Syphilis has almost been eradicated by medicine in modern times. Officially, Prince Alberts father was Ernest I Duke Of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, however his marriage to Alberts mother, Princess Louise Of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, was an unhappy one. [27] She was the eldest daughter of Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, and Princess Sophie of Sweden, daughter of the deposed King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. [2] Consequently, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, his brother's second eldest son, was designated the childless Ernest's heir presumptive, when his older brother, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom), renounced his succession rights. The doctor offers no rebuke.. She had insomnia, impaired coordination, migraines, and chronic pain. In him they lost a kind, dear master and a good friend, who was for ever willing to help where help was needed. [30], From 1848 to 1864, Denmark and the German Confederation fought over control of the two duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. To solve this problem, Ernest suggested to Palmerston that he simply take the title Regent of Greece and hold the kingdom in trust for his chosen heir. [22] He subsequently watched the growth of liberalism in Germany with much interest and tried to build links with the movement's leaders. [63] A lifelong sportsman, his last words were apparently "Let the drive commence! Harriet's own beloved husband had died earlier that year and they must have had a lot in common in their grief. However, recent medical evidence shows what the cause may have been. It is far more likely, the study authors conclude, that the famed Prince whose chance to become king . Syphilis produces a variety of psychological symptoms that cause insanity: Mary Todd Lincoln most certainly had those. [44] As negotiations continued however, she began to lose enthusiasm for the idea. [47] His favorable view of liberalism caused his duchy to become an asylum for political refugees from other German states. There, he started to drink absinthe and regularly hired prostitutes. Wholly reliant upon charitable donation, they were beholden to their benefactors, many of whom still viewed syphilis and gonorrhoea as punishment for vice. Photo credit: Ilya Repin. After Albert's death, Victoria spent the first weeks of her widowhood with the Duchess as her only companion. It was Queen Victoria's darkest day. Ernest was the eldest son of Duke Ernest I and his first wife, Louise of Saxe-Gotha. Negotiations concerning this failed for various reasonsnot least of which was that he would not give up his beloved duchies in favor of the Greek throne. [54], An excellent musician[29] and amateur composer all his life, Ernest was a great patron of the arts and sciences in Coburg,[58] often giving awards and titles to members of the artistic and scientific world, such as Paul Kalisch[citation needed], a German opera singer and the English chemist William Ernest Bush. Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 04:19, Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Alexander von Hanstein, Count of Plzig and Beiersdorf, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland, Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess Sophia Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schnberg, Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, "House Laws of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha", https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2019-04-15/victoria-real-harriet-duchess-of-sutherland/, Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Knigreich Bayern, "Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Prncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha&oldid=1140866099, German: Ernst August Karl Johann Leopold Alexander Eduard, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 04:19.