In contrast, South Dravidian had a three-way distinction in the singular (masculine, feminine, neuter) and a two-way distinction in the plural (human, nonhuman). Theatre-dance traditions have a long and varied history whose origins can be traced back almost two millennia to dance-theatre forms like Kotukotti, Kaapaalam and Pandarangam, which are mentioned in an ancient anthology of poems entitled the Kaliththokai. [10] They may have been indigenous to the Indian subcontinent,[11][12][13] but origin in, or influence from, Western Asia have also been proposed. Medieval South Indian guilds and trading organisations like the "Ayyavole of Karnataka and Manigramam" played an important role in the Southeast Asia trade,[27] and the cultural Indianisation of the region. Web-Dravidians are not very well-versed in Hindi. In this sort of set-up, the indigenous women were required to warm up the beds, the mingling resulted in new races of Hispanic, Latino, Mulatto, Mestizo, Kriol etc. The Aryans had no word for brick in their language. Birbal's reaction was in response to the King's decision not to reward a person who stood the whole night in a cold water-pool, finding an excuse that a candle was burning in a far-away window, and that he was getting heat from that light! Apparently all the forms were in use dialectally in Proto-Dravidian. The Aryan - Dravidian Racial Divide Ben, thank you for pointing out that the intellectuals have rejected the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT), and I do hope that is the case. (2013) describe three scenarios regarding the Peopling of India: According to Gallego Romero et al. The Portuguese already had a foot-hold in Goa, the Capital of their Eastern Empire. Van Loon, like any other historians, avoided to answer any questions regarding their original home, nor about the language they spoke. The British had representation in India in the form of British East India Co. Now the British, around 1776, had to leave America, they desired to concentrate in India. Ira-q means land of rivers, and also, we have a name for a river, Iravati. Should not the history books be corrected as soon as possible? Gender is specified in the third person in Dravidian but not in the first and second persons; he, she, and it are differentiated, but I, we, and you do not reflect gender. [71] Knorozov's suggestion was preceded by the work of Henry Heras, who suggested several readings of signs based on a proto-Dravidian assumption. [46], Several studies have shown that the Indian subcontinent harbours two major ancestral components,[24][47][48] namely the Ancestral North Indians (ANI) which is broadly related to West Eurasians and the Ancestral South Indians (ASI) which is clearly distinct from ANI. QUESTION : What are the differences between Aryans and Dravidians? ANSWER : Difference between Aryans and Dravidians as elucidated. 1) Place of Ori There was always to and fro movement of people. According to Max Muller, the Mahabharat war took place in 1200BC. But, now, the termite infested cupboard was falling apart. After adulthood girls begin using the sari. The earliest Dravidian literature that we know, the Tamil Sangam Poems of the early Agatsya Muni was all set, ready to go with his work-force and equipment. Lockard: "The encounters that resulted from Aryan migration brought together several very different peoples and cultures, reconfiguring Indian society. The singular was not indicated by any sign, while the plural had two markersnamely, human plural, which was represented by the suffix *-Vr, and nonhuman plural, which was represented by the suffixes *-(n)k(k)a and *- or by a combination of these, *-(n)k(k)a. Dravidian languages show extensive lexical (vocabulary) borrowing, but only a few traits of structural (either phonological or grammatical) borrowing from Indo-Aryan, whereas Indo-Aryan shows more structural than lexical borrowings from the Dravidian languages. All other higher numerals are borrowed from Sanskrit. According to David McAlpin and his Elamo-Dravidian hypothesis, the Dravidian languages were brought to India by immigration into India from Elam (not to be confused with Eelam), located in present-day southwestern Iran. He was a law-maker, the Father of the Indian Constitution. [82][80][83][84], According to Mallory there are an estimated thirty to forty Dravidian loanwords in Rig Veda. By innovating a feminine singular *aw-a she (female human), the South Dravidian languages thus restricted the meaning of *a-tu to it (nonhuman animate/thing). Anon 02/27/2023 (Mon) 14:04:37 ID: 55a153 No. [18][19] The Brahui population of Balochistan in Pakistan has been taken by some as the linguistic equivalent of a relict population, perhaps indicating that Dravidian languages were formerly much more widespread and were supplanted by the incoming Indo-Aryan languages. Imagine being a Kashmiri/Punjabi aryan and sharing a country with people who look like this. It would have made a big difference to the promoters of the AIT, if the geneticists had confirmed the existence of Aryan (European) genes among the Indians. Many of these primitive megaliths are NOT sepulchral but has been found to have been created with mathematical and astronomical perfection. Around this time, Dravidians encountered Muslim traders, and the first Tamil Muslims and Sri Lankan Moors appeared. Early Dravidian influence accounts for several of the innovative traits in Indic better than any internal explanation that has been proposed. The East India Company specially recruited people of such caliber as Max Muller (1847) and Pandit Taranath (1866), to make such translations that would be detrimental to Hindu culture. South Asian Studies, 13(1), pp 8797. [111], Among the early Dravidians, the practice of erecting memorial stones, Natukal and Viragal, had appeared, and it continued for quite a long time after the Sangam age, down to about the 16th century. I thought, if at all, the word is related to the word Iran, the correct word should have been Iranian, meaning the people coming from Ira-n, i.e. There are many interesting points raised in your letter, perhaps some others may help us with those. "[44], As a proto-language, the Proto-Dravidian language is not itself attested in the historical record. Specifically, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains and Zoroastrians have a history of using the word Aryan to mean the speaker of a native language. Rao's decipherment of the Indus script also proved that, the South Arabic and the Old Aramaic alphabets, as well as the Indian Brahmi, all are derived from the Indus script. Thus, today, Aztec, Inca and Mayan civilizations are in name only. In the first para of the subject for comparison, it is stated that 'Aryans have mingled with the authentic Indian population, so no one can be characterized as a pure Dravidian or as a pure Aryan'. Arya-Dravid status has disappeared, replaced by provincialism, caste and corruption. The reconstructed personal pronouns are *yn or *yan- I, *ym/*yam- we (excluding the people spoken to), *m/*am- we (including the people spoken to), *nin/*nin- you (singular), *nm/*nim- you (plural), and *tn/*tan- self (often used as a substitute for the third-person pronouns). The Europeans have been looking for a Mother-Tongue in a far-away places instead of at the source. Thanks for sharing. Due to the complexity of draping the sari, younger girls start with a skirt called a pavada. The word 'caste' needs to be explained further. Such cattle are named Zebu (Bos Indicus). He then went on to separate them age-wise. Jewish Wedding vs. Christian Wedding: Wedding Comparison, Narendra Modi vs. Nitish Kumar: Top CMs of India, Land of snake charmers to land of intellectuals: Transition of India, National Debt Of Portugal vs. Greece Compared. Once, it was decided among the wise and the learned that, as it has become necessary, Agatsya Muni should be authorized to locate an area where educational activities can be carried out, in safety and in peace. Please, do not be unhappy about the darker skin, I have one. Mudumby Narasimhachary (Ed) (1976). post-dating Harappan decline) stone celt allegedly marked with Indus signs has been considered by some to be significant for the Dravidian identification. Ararat. There is no past record of such effort being made by world nations to study the origin of the culture and language of one occupied nation! Theres some overlap of language with culture, but on the whole, there are huge commonalities of It goes on to explain that,for a long time, after their arrival in India, they were in many ways less civilized than the citizens of Mohenjo-daro had been. One cannot have a better example of the historicity of the event that occurred few years after, as well as the scientific knowledge to be able to forecast an event with such accuracy. As no "ASI" or "AASI" ancient DNA is available, the indigenous Andamanese (exemplified by the Onge, a possibly distantly related population native to the Andaman Islands) is used as an imperfect proxy. Dravidian languages are considered to be distinct from those defined as Aryan. The formation of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal took place in 1784, that was followed by Socitie Asiatique of Paris in 1822, Royal Asiatic Society of G.B. Upon returning to England, he addressed the British Parliament on February 2nd, 1835 as follows: 'I have traveled through the length and breadth of India, and I have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief, such wealth I have seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such calibre, that I do not think, we would ever conquer this country, unless WE BREAK THE VERY BACKBONE OF THIS NATION, WHICH IS HER SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE'. The cattle from Eurasia, popular names being Longhorn and Hereford, have more or less plain back. The origin of the Sanskrit word drvia is Tamil. The Dravidian movement and Aryan illusions. The mingling among the people produced a community called Coloreds. These are his exact words: 'A new and more energetic race appeared upon the horizon - Indo-European race - made itself the ruling class in the country, which is now known as British India'. However, because Aryans were not able to force the evacuation of all Dravidians to Southern India, some became slaves of Aryans and still reside in Northern India. It has praised profusely, the river Sarasvati. What is the origin of the word Dravidian? The Dravidian language family is one of the oldest in the world. Indo-Aryan and Dravidian are by far the largest of these four, both in terms of number of speakers as well as in terms of their spatial distribution across South Asia. [30] In the Sanskrit tradition the word drvia was also used to denote the geographical region of South India. It is pointed out that 'the word Aryans was brutally used by Hitler during world war second to attain exclusion of Jews and other ethnicities (2nd para). Prakrit. Dravidian Influence on Indo-Aryan Each of the Dravidian languages has developed several postpositions from independent words that indicate case meanings (e.g., near, up to, until, purpose, cause, above, below, by the side of). Professor on Twitter: "Commis in tamilnadu: play regional divisive h Therefore, every person of the Aryadesh had a right to be an arya person. I am, perhaps, missing the point, Ben, that you are trying to make, please clarify. The finding of the horse bones at Harappa, nor the picture of the horse on the seals, were sufficient to the Indo-logists to accept the existence of horses in India. For all these Unis, the hot subject was the 'Comparative Philology'. These people were Home-less, made transit stops before entering India. The historians correctly worked out the qualities of character of their fore-fathers had. In Mahabharata, Bhishma claimed that southerners are skilled with sword-fighting in general and Sahadeva was chosen for the conquest of the southern kingdoms due to his swordsmanship. Sanskrit language - HEAT is most where the FIRE is. Because of contact with Hindi and Bengali, Kurukh and Malto introduced gender distinction in the first and second persons also. The subject for discussion -Aryan vs Dravidian- has special significance for the Europeans, that is further highlighted by the last Text Book Revision conducted by the CA Educational Authority. [23]Genetically, the Ancient Indus Valley people were composed of an Iranian Farmer- Gatherers and Indian Hunter-Gatherers or "First [117][118][119] Traditional Dravidian architecture and symbolism are also based on Agamas. The last Ice-Age commenced to recede 10000 years ago (8000 BC). Gandhari was from Gandhar (Afghanistan), Madri was from Madrid (Spain); Muni Pulestin went to the area now known as Palestine and Rishi Tamas settled on the banks of the river Thames; Russia was Rishi-alaya, and America was Amarice-puri; the river Mekong was Ma Ganga, and river Nile was Nil Ganga; the scriptures clearly, have indicated that the Sapt-Rishis went to every corner of the world to transmit knowledge and help the communities. The width, in some parts of the course of the river was so wide, that the name Sarasvati-Sindhaive Sagar has been in use in the scriptures. The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal was formed in 1784 with a committee of 30 European members, under the Patronage of Governor General Sir Warren Hastings and the first president Sir Wm Jones. Re. community services, construction services, building of palaces and temples and art-work, etc. gamaprmya of Ymuncrya, Issue 160 of Gaekwad's Oriental Series. Examples are the Madisar, specific to Tamil Brahmin Community, and the Mundum Neriyathum. Major Yeats-Brown, in his book Pageant of India, states in a literary fashion as follows : The budding was in the unknown mother-land, somewhere in the uplands of central Asia, whence these tall, blue-eyed people sallied forth in search of grazing lands. Proto-Dravidian *to/*to occurs in compounds with the words for 10, 100, 1,000 as second members with the meaning 1/10th lesscomparable to Tamil to-u 90 (or 10 less 100), toyiram 900 (100 less 1,000), and on-pattu 9 (1 less 10). However, Telugu tom-badi (from *to-pat) 90 implies that *to means 9. The South Dravidian languages have cognates that support the first, 1/10th less, meaning. Yemen et al. Either an origin from the Indus Valley region which is based on genetic data as well as archaeological and linguistic evidence, in which proto-Dravidian was spread by peoples of the IVC, or from the pre-Indus groups of eastern peninsular India, which would be consistent with vocabulary about flora and fauna of peninsular India. What meaning would you derive from these information? In Streams of Civilizations, Stanton & Hyma, goes even further and states that, 'in fact, there is so much evidence now to show that, very ancient people were highly skilled, that some people have jumped to the conclusion that they must have come by space-ship from some more civilized planet out in space'. [127] Among some communities, young girls received preliminary training up until the onset of puberty. Every noun has an oblique stem in the singular and plural that is formed by the addition of a suffix (derived from Proto-Dravidian *i, *a, *tt, or *n or a combination of these, in addition to a zero suffix []) to which non-nominative case markers are added. Kenneth C Davis, in his book, Don't Know Much About History (Pub 1990), points out the European behavior as follows: 'Although, Hitler's attempted extermination of the Jews of Europe was a calculated, methodical genocidal plan, the European destruction of the Indians (Amerindians) was just as ruthlessly efficiently killing off perhaps 90% of the native population it found, all in the name of progress,civilization and Christianity'. It was decided that the area south of the Vindhya would be suitable. One of the events mentioned in the Mahabharat is Lord Krishna's instructions to his Sarthi, to go to Dwarika to inform the citizens, of the imminent submergence of the city due to rise in sea-level. He clarifies that 'it was by no means did the Portuguese enjoy a monopoly. South India is surrounded by sea on three sides, where as North India has always been more accessible to the adjoining countries, to and fro movement of the people was continuously taking place. Thus, the statement that we stated off with is not applicable to the people of South India. Just as the so-called First Book of the Aryans, the Rigveda, helped out Dr Ambedkarji, the Rigved now helped to solve the doubts of the Indo-logists. Six languages are currently recognized by India as Classical languages and four of them are Dravidian languages Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. Of course, the British Raj was the culprit, and as the proverb goes, 'Ruler writes history'. There are evidences that many rituals which may seem Hindu today has been loaned from a prior tribal source. [15][41] In the 1990s, Renfrew and Cavalli-Sforza have also argued that Proto-Dravidian was brought to India by farmers from the Iranian part of the Fertile Crescent,[14][42][43][note 1] but more recently Heggerty and Renfrew noted that "McAlpin's analysis of the language data, and thus his claims, remain far from orthodoxy", adding that Fuller finds no relation of Dravidian language with other languages, and thus assumes it to be native to India. Was there any fair-skinned population at the time of the Aryan arrival around 1500 BC? [122] The theatrical culture flourished during the early Sangam age. There may not be any archaeological proofs (none what so ever)which testifies the historicity of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana but that India was completely a tribal country can be easily be proved by the remains of the numerous prehistoric tribal megaliths that is scattered all over the country. [106] Tolkappiyar refers to the Three Crowned Kings as the "Three Glorified by Heaven", (Tamil: , Vpuka Mvar). Most of the names of hills, rivers, villages and towns particularly in North India are austric (Mundaric/tribal)in origin and not in Indo-Aryan languages. In the last century or two, cross-breeding has taken place in the West. The nominative (subject noun) case is not represented by any suffix. He further states that 'these were people very much the type of our Scandinavian fore-fathers, hard-fighting, heavy-drinking folk, with a certain contempt for the short dark races they conquered, since they called them Dasus or Dasyus - squat creatures, very much as Hitler spoke of those dwarfs of Prague. The word Arya had great attraction for the Europeans, who used the word to create, one of the greatest fictional race of this world, the Aryans', with none of the arya qualities and complete illiterates with no script of there own. The final element (predicate) in a sentence can be verbal or nominal. Dravidian speakers in southern India wear varied traditional costumes depending on their region, largely influenced by local customs and traditions. [9], The origins of the Dravidians are a "very complex subject of research and debate. The major grammatical categories are nouns and verbs. [65] Already in 1924, when announcing the discovery of the IVC, John Marshall stated that (one of) the language(s) may have been Dravidic. People came from far off countries for education at institutions, such as Taksha-shila and Nalanda. Aryan Many times these lungis are tube-shaped and tied around the waist, and can be easily tied above the knees for more strenuous activities. Evil forces.